Pre-Raphaelites

 This movement started in the autumn of 1848, The Pre-Raphaelites was 19th century British painters, poets and writers who rebelled against the Victorian era, Neo-classical ways of academic arts.

                                                                                                                                      -                                       Ophelia (1829-1896) by John Everett Millais

A few of the artists of this movement were Rossetti, his brother William, James Collinson, A sculptor Thomas Woolner, Hunt and Millais they specialized in high details of medieval/ noble scenes and symbolism. The name Pre-Raphaelites came about from the aim of the artists being that they wanted to rediscover the works of art by artists that came before the time of Raphael. 

The group further expanded with more well know artists like Ford Maddox Brown and James Abbot Mc Neil Whistler, The pike for the Pre-Raphaelites was achieved when Millais's work was exhibited in the Academy Exhibition.

 Soon after this the group split, Rossetti, William Morris and Edward Burn-Jones moved on to create a new 'Brotherhood' they were based in Oxford and they specialized in the' depiction of pale' and  ethereal beauties, meanwhile Millais and Hunt went their separate still abiding by they rules of this movement.

The Pre-Raphaelitism was very successful during the victorian ear and continued doing so into the 20th century with artists replacing the founds such as Maxwell Armfield and Frank Cadogan Cowper before the out-moded in 1920s

MY OPINION

I very much appreciate this movement I love the fact the artist moved away from what was  accepted in the art academes, The art in this movement nowadays is the norm, yet then was shun. I love the romantic, relaxed feel they produce relaxing yet they used rather dark colours.

Information :Pre Raphaelite Art Movement. 2013. Pre Raphaelite Art Movement. [ONLINE] Available at: http://toffsworld.com/lifestyle/art-information/pre-raphaelites/. [Accessed 06 April 2013].

Image:john everett millais - pre raphaelite english artist. 2013. john everett millais - pre raphaelite english artist. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.anglik.net/millais.htm. [Accessed 06 April 2013].

Victorian art

Victorian art 
Queen Victoria reigned between 1837-1901
During this time Britain was very influential and wealthy 
This helped inspire self-confidence 
The tine was perceived as a golden age in the arts 
The art became more popular
artists Acquired wealth and renown 
Works of art we commission by, The royalty 
The middle class -wealthy industrialists 
The academic tradition was supported 

Israel in Egypt (1867) Edward Poynter

Frederic Leighton 
Mythological subjects (the garden of the Hesperides ) 
Works with a emphasis on mood /visual pleasures 
The genre scene continued being popular.                                               People loved stories 
David willies' Chelsea pensioners is one such example 
Other popular subjects were sentimental themes 

Edwin Landseer The monarch of the Glen painted in 1851 private collection oil on canvas 

The Pre Raphaelites

The Pre Raphaelites
The group's most eminent members were John Everett
Millais William Holman hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti 
Pre Raphaelites (rebellious) brother hood 1848 same as 3rd French revolution 
They went against the predictability of academic art 
Turned to the die these and simplicity of Italian painters who came before Raphael -pre Raphael 
escapist themes from Arthurian legend-Victorians love these romances of the medieval past 
Contemporary social issues
Emigration 
Prostitution 
Religious reform 
The drew inspiration from literary sources that gave them moral themes or stories, such as in this Ophelia by Millais 

The Scapegoat (1854-6) by William Holman Hunt oil on canvas (86 x140cm)  

This work by Holman reflects the realism he applied to religion painting
It was painting in the holy land by the shores of the dead sea and used real goats as models 
Rossetti early works have medieval themes such as this first anniversary of the death of Beatrice 
Later he turned to representations of female beauty-Proserpine 
Rossetti was the key figure in the movement
The idea of the movement was his and he kept the group alive by promoting a second generation of artists 
Edward Burne Jones 
Symbolist movement 
William Morris art and crafts movement

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution (18^th -19^th centuries) a period which rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban . Before the industrial revolution which started in England (1700s), manufacturing of products where produced by people in there own homes using hand held tools and basic machines.

Industrialization marked a change to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the steam engine, where a few of the major roles of the Industrial Revolution, also creating improvements in transport, communication and banking.  While industrialization increased quality and quantity of manufacturing products and a higher standard of living for some, on the other hand it did result in bad employment and living conditions for the poor and working classes.

          

Industrial Revolution — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. 2013.Industrial Revolution — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

Steam Engine

The steam engine

Inventors: Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen and James watt

Thomas Savery (1650-1715) English military engineer and inventor  and design who designed the first crude steam engine inspired from Denis Papin’s Digester or pressure cooker of 1679.

Thomas worked on solving of problems in pumping of water out of coal mines this machine consists of a closed vessel filled up with water were steam under pressure was introduced, witch forced the water up and out of the mine shaft.

Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) English blacksmith, inventor of the atmospheric steam engine, an improvement over Thomas Savery’s design

The Newcomen’s engine focused on atmospheric pressure to push out the water from the mines. Steam was pumped into a cylinder, then the steam was condensed by cold water outside of the cylinder creating a vacuum on the inside of the cylinder.

James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer renowned for the improvements made on the steam engine in 1765 while working in the uni of Glasgow Watt took the task of repairing the Newcomen engine.

James Watts added a separate condenser connecting to the cylinder, this design allowed the condenser to be cool while the cylinder remaining hot ,Watts’s engine soon Dominated England and replaced other steam engines and helped bring about the Industrial revolution

Steam Engine History. 2013. Steam Engine History. [ONLINE] Available at:http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsteamengine.htm. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

Realism

Realism is an art movement which began in France around 1850s , The artists of such movement considered themselves as people who rebelled against Romanticism , witch dominated the French art world during the 19th century . Realism was all about objective reality and was rebellious against emotionalism of the Romanticism. Precise and truth was the message the Realists were portraying.

Many of the oil canvases that came out during this period showcased people at work, as it was also the time of the Industrial Revolution. the popularity of realism at that time also lead way to the art of photography for that time a new piece of technology that allows you to take realistic photos 

The origins of realism lie in the discussions of a group of thinking artists, writers and intellectuals in Parisian bar (temple du realise) in the late 1840s 

the art trends of the time were portraying issues in politics , social issues .

Realism as a movement allowed artists to imitate nature with a paintbrush, realism focused on accuracy and truth they painted what they saw in there everyday life, this also made common people worthy of being shown in there paintings they gave importance to all the ignored elements of their contemporary life of the time also the physical settings and mental attitudes.

  
The Gleaners (des glaneuses) is an oil painting by Jean-Francois Millet completed in 1857.(83.8 x 11.8 cm)

The Realism Art Movement. 2013. The Realism Art Movement. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.artsmypassion.com/articles.asp?ID=306. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

The Gleaners - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. The Gleaners - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gleaners. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

Romanticism

Romanticism, the movement lasted from 1789 to about 1832 making a time in history where the set beliefs of society and their life structure were being rid down, moving away from the recycled ideas handed down by the church and focus was moved onto the personal building of experience and knowledge on the world around us  

Literature from this movement really look at dream and personal understandings personal views, there was a growing suspicion regarding the church and  a turn towards pantheism (the belief that god is a part of the universe and not separate) the concept of the sublime an emotional thrill combining awe, magnificence and horror was introduced .A time where emotions and personal views/feeling where superior to logic and analysis.

 

Caspar David Friedrich 

1818   94.8 x 74.8 Kunsthalle Hamburg

information :Romanticism Study Guide & Homework Help - eNotes.com. 2013.Romanticism Study Guide & Homework Help - eNotes.com. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.enotes.com/romanticism-reference-guide/romanticism. [Accessed 06 April 2013].

image: . 2013. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Caspar_David_Friedrich_032_(The_wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog).jpg/220px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_032_(The_wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog).jpg. [Accessed 06 April 2013].